FAMILY PLANING/CONTRACEPTION METHODS/BIRTH CONTROLE ~ Safe Well

CONTRACEPTION:

Contraception means prevention of conception or pregnancy. There are a lot methods use for contraception

CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS:

These are preventive methods for avoiding unwanted pregnancies by Women. They include all the measures (temporary. permanent) to prevent pregnancy resulting from coitus.

MAIN GROUPS

1. SPACING CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS:

1. Natural methods

 Coitus

 Interrupts

 Abstinence

4. SAFE PERIOD

 Barrier methods

 Physical methods

 Chemical methods

 Hormonal methods

 Combined methods

 Intra-Uterine devices

 Post-conception methods

TERMINAL CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS:

 Male sterilization

 Female sterilization

NATURAL METHODS OF CONTRACEPTIVE:

ABSTINENCE:

Complete sexual abstinence is the only effective method of birth control. It is not practical as it leads to repression of natural This leads to temperamental changes and even nervous breakdown.

COITUS INTERRUPTUS:

It is also called the male withdrawal method . It is the oldest technique of contraception. It is a widely used technique. The male withdraws before ejaculation in this approach, preventing semen deposition in the vaginal canal. The primary downside of this procedure is that the male's precoital discharge may contain sperm, resulting in pregnancy. Furthermore, even the tiniest error in withdrawal timing can result in conception.

SAFE PERIOD

Certain days of the menstrual cycle in females are relatively cafe and infertile. So the limitation of coitus in these days is the basis of the safe period. these days may be calculated by means of the:

1. Basal body temperatures 2. Calendar method

BREAST-FEEDING

It is now confirmed by studies that breastfeeding prolongs postpartum Amenorrhoea and provides some degree of protection against pregnancy.

Barrier methods of contraception:

Different barrier methods for contraception are available in the market that is suitable for both men and women. The aim of these methods is to prevent fertilization of the ovum by a live sperm. These methods gain importance recently because of:

Reduction in the incidence of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.

Protection against sexually transmitted infections.

There are no negative effects from the "Pills" or "IUDs.".

PHYSICAL METHODS OF CONTRACEPTION:

WHAT IS A CONDOM:

It is the most widely known method of contraception. It 1s the most commonly used method of contraception by men around the world. This method has gained importance as an effective, simple spacing method of contraception, without side effects and it also gives protection against sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) to both men and women.

Condom prevents the deposition of semen into the vagina. For this purpose, the condom is fitted on the erect penis before intercourse. The air must be expelled from the teat end to make space for the semen. The condom must be held carefully when withdrawing it from the vagina to avoid spilling SCnnal fluid into the vagina after intercourse. For each and every sexual act, a new condom should be used.

ADVANTAGES OF CONDOMS ARE:

 Easy to use

 Safe and cheap

 Easily available

 No side effects

 Light, compact and disposable

 Provide protection against sexually transmitted diseases

DISADVANTAGES OF CONDOMS ARE:

 Interference with the sex sensation locally

 It may slip off during the process due to the wrong use

 it may tear off during the process due to the wrong use

DIAPHRAGM:

It is the vaginal barrier, invented by a German physician in 1882. it is also known as Dutch Cap. A diaphragm is a shallow cap made of synthetic rubber or plastic material. It ranges in diameter from -10 cms. It is must that a woman be fitted with a diaphragm of proper S1Ze. the diaphragm is inserted before sexual intercourse and must remain in place at least 6 hours after Sexual intercourse. Along with the diaphragm Usually, spermicidal jelly is used..

ADVANTAGES:

 No adverse effects

 No medical contraindications

DISADVANTAGES:

 Aseptic technique

 Chemical methods

 Facilities for washing and storing

 A skilled helper is needed for its insertion initially

These methods were used before the advent of oral contraceptives and IUCDs. The chemicals used were the spermicides that are meant to kill the sperm they are of four groups

 Foams

 Suppositories

 Soluble films

 Creams, jellies, pastes

DISADVANTAGES:

 Messiness

 High failure rate

 irritation and burning sensation.

 Must be used immediately before coitus is repeated before each sex act.

 Must be introduced into those regions where sperms are likely to be deposited

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